Check your promises and async/await functions for proper usage. Ensure you're not missing `await` statements, and handle rejections appropriately to avoid unresolved promises.

Issues with asynchronous operations not resolving in Node.js can be a common pitfall, often leading to frustrating debugging sessions. The first step is to review your promises and async/await functions for correct usage. One of the most frequent mistakes is omitting the await keyword before a promise, which can lead to unexpected behavior where code executes before the asynchronous operation completes. Ensure that every async function that requires a promise to be awaited has the appropriate await keyword.

If you are working with multiple promises, consider using Promise.all() to run them concurrently and wait for all to resolve or reject. However, be cautious about how you handle rejections; unhandled promise rejections can lead to your application crashing. Always attach .catch() handlers to your promises, or use a try/catch block in async functions to catch any errors that may arise.

Another potential issue is related to event listeners or callbacks that might not be firing as expected, particularly if you're using libraries or frameworks that manage their own asynchronous behavior. Make sure that your event listeners are correctly set up and not being prematurely removed or not triggering at all.

For debugging unresolved promises, consider using logging statements or breakpoints to track the flow of your asynchronous code. Tools like async_hooks can help you trace the lifecycle of asynchronous resources and provide insights into what might be going wrong.

In addition, leveraging a structured error-handling strategy can help catch and log errors more effectively. Implementing an error-handling middleware in your Express app can help centralize error management, allowing you to catch issues across your application. By taking these steps, you can resolve issues with asynchronous operations in your Node.js application, ensuring smoother execution and fewer unexpected behaviors.