To troubleshoot performance issues, use profiling tools like the built-in Node.js profiler or third-party options like Clinic.js. Monitor CPU usage, memory consumption, and request/response times to identify bottlenecks.

Performance issues in Node.js applications can significantly affect user experience, making it crucial to identify and resolve them promptly. Start by using profiling tools, such as the built-in Node.js profiler or third-party options like Clinic.js, to gather data about your application's performance metrics. These tools allow you to monitor CPU usage, memory consumption, and request/response times, helping you pinpoint where bottlenecks occur. For instance, high CPU usage may indicate inefficient algorithms or blocking operations that need optimization. Consider using asynchronous programming techniques to improve responsiveness and throughput. Additionally, inspect your database queries for efficiency; slow queries can be a major source of performance degradation. Use indexes to speed up lookups and avoid fetching unnecessary data. You should also evaluate your application's architecture, checking for any synchronous code that could be converted to asynchronous. Consider implementing caching strategies to reduce the load on your server and improve response times. Finally, monitor the application's performance in real-time using APM (Application Performance Monitoring) tools, which can provide insights into slow requests and help you diagnose issues as they occur. By systematically analyzing these aspects of your application, you can effectively troubleshoot and enhance performance.